Role of Mechanical Compression on Bone Regeneration Around a Particulate Bone Graft Material: An Experimental Study in Rabbit Calvaria
AUTHOR
-- By Romanos G,
Delgado-Ruiz R, Gomez-Moreno G, Lopez-Lopez P, Mate Sanchez De Val J,
Calvo-Guiado J.
Purpose: This experimental study was
designed to analyze the effect of different compressive forces on the bone
regeneration around a particulate bone graft material.
Material and methods: Eighty
6-mm-diameter defects were created in the calvaria of 20 New Zealand rabbits (4
defects per rabbit calvaria). All the defects were filled with particles of
synthetic bone. Two standardized compressive forces were then applied, 4.1 g to
half the defects (Test A) and 8.2 g to the other half (Test B), all for 1 min.
The graft sites were allowed to heal for 6 weeks, after which the rabbits were
euthanized. The calvarium vault of each animal was extracted, radiographed, and
prepared for histomorphometric analysis. The percentage of defect fill, bone
density, new bone formation, and residual bone graft material were recorded,
and the results were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: Histological evaluation found that
defect closure among the Test A (lower compression) group ranged from 38.34
(95% lower CI) to 55.8 (95% upper CI) (mean 47 ± 8.5%), while among the Test B
group (higher compression), it ranged from 81.26 (95% lower CI) to 95.32 (mean
88 ± 7.3%). Significantly more closure was achieved for the Test B group (P
< 0.05). Histomorphometric comparison of the two groups found significantly
more new bone formation, higher bone density, and a higher percentage of defect
fill in the defects subjected to the higher compression level (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Increasing the compressive force
applied to bone graft particulate used to fill small defects created in rabbit
calvaria appears to be beneficial.
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